Trade deals
Trade deals
The UK has 40 trade agreements in effect, covering 83 partner rows (blocs count once for each member). Since leaving the EU the UK negotiates these itself. Its trade with the EU is governed by the Trade and Cooperation Agreement, which this page does not cover.
Agreements by type
35 continuity, 1 enhanced, 4 new
Continuity agreements roll over an agreement the EU had with the same partner. Enhanced agreements roll over and extend it. New agreements have no EU predecessor. Each tile is one agreement; the grey shades carry the type, not a verdict.
Continuity agreements (35)
- Albania
- CARIFORUM states (14)
- SACUM states (Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa)
- Cameroon
- Canada
- Chile
- Colombia, Ecuador and Peru
- Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama)
- Côte d’Ivoire
- Egypt
- Faroe Islands
- Pacific states (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands)
- Georgia
- Ghana
- Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway
- Israel
- Jordan
- Kenya
- Kosovo
- Lebanon
- Liechtenstein
- ESA states (Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe)
- Mexico
- Moldova
- Morocco
- North Macedonia
- Palestinian Authority
- Serbia
- Singapore
- South Korea
- Switzerland
- Tunisia
- Turkey
- Ukraine
- Vietnam
Enhanced agreements (1)
- Japan
New agreements (4)
- Australia
- CPTPP members (UK accession)
- India
- New Zealand
32 of 40 agreements have a detail still unverified
The type label (gov.uk does not classify agreements) or the EU-equivalent status could not be confirmed against a primary source for: Albania; CARIFORUM states (14); CPTPP members (UK accession); SACUM states (Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa); Cameroon; Canada; Chile; Colombia, Ecuador and Peru; Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama); Côte d’Ivoire; Egypt; Georgia; Ghana; Israel; Japan; Jordan; Kenya; Lebanon; Liechtenstein; ESA states (Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe); Mexico; Moldova; Morocco; North Macedonia; Palestinian Authority; Serbia; Singapore; South Korea; Tunisia; Turkey; Ukraine; Vietnam. The register notes say which detail.
One tile per agreement, grouped by type. A map of the world was not used: it would need a mapping library or a large inline drawing, and the grouped tiles show the same split with partner names readable at 375px.
The full list
Every agreement in effect
Partners, status, 2025 UK trade and the EU equivalent. The EU column records whether the EU has an agreement with the same partner. Estimates appear only where a government document was checked; blank cells mean none was checked.
| Partner | Type | Status | UK trade 2025 | EU has an equivalent? | Official GDP estimate (long run) | Independent estimate |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| AlbaniaUK-Albania Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement | Continuity | In force | £373m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| CARIFORUM states (14)CARIFORUM-UK economic partnership agreement | Continuity | Provisional | £5,522m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| AustraliaUK-Australia Free Trade Agreement | New | In force | £24,186m | In negotiation | 0.06% to 0.10%DBT, checked 2026-11-06 | None checked |
| CPTPP members (UK accession)Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) | New | In force | £152,415m (bloc total) | No | Not verified | None checked |
| SACUM states (Botswana, Eswatini, Lesotho, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa)SACUM-UK economic partnership agreement (EPA) | Continuity | In force | £14,296m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| CameroonUK-Cameroon Economic Partnership Agreement | Continuity | In force | £321m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| CanadaUK-Canada Trade Continuity Agreement | Continuity | In force | £33,655m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| ChileUK-Chile association agreement | Continuity | In force | £2,282m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Colombia, Ecuador and PeruUK-Andean countries trade agreement | Continuity | In force | £4,288m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Central America (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama)UK-Central America association agreement | Continuity | In force | £2,939m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Côte d’IvoireUK-Côte d’Ivoire Stepping Stone Economic Partnership Agreement | Continuity | In force | £1,116m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| EgyptUK-Egypt Association Agreement | Continuity | In force | £5,058m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Faroe IslandsUK-Faroe Islands Free Trade Agreement | Continuity | In force | £267m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Pacific states (Fiji, Papua New Guinea, Samoa, Solomon Islands)UK-Pacific economic partnership agreement (EPA) | Continuity | Provisional | £653m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| GeorgiaUK-Georgia strategic partnership and cooperation agreement | Continuity | In force | £424m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| GhanaUK-Ghana Interim Trade Partnership Agreement | Continuity | Provisional | £1,561m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Iceland, Liechtenstein and NorwayFree Trade Agreement between the UK, Iceland, Liechtenstein and Norway | Continuity | In force | £41,125m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| IndiaUK–India Trade Deal | New | In force | £48,029m | In negotiation | 0.13%DBT, checked 2026-11-06 | None checked |
| IsraelUK-Israel trade and partnership agreement | Continuity | In force | £5,956m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| JapanUK-Japan Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement | Enhanced | In force | £34,660m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| JordanUK-Jordan association agreement | Continuity | In force | £1,099m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| KenyaUK-Kenya Economic Partnership Agreement (2) | Continuity | In force | £2,117m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| KosovoUK-Kosovo partnership, trade and cooperation agreement | Continuity | In force | £20m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| LebanonUK-Lebanon association agreement | Continuity | In force | £696m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| LiechtensteinUK-Switzerland-Liechtenstein Trade Agreement | Continuity | In force | £192m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| ESA states (Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Zimbabwe)Eastern and Southern Africa (ESA)-UK economic partnership agreement | Continuity | In force | £2,562m (bloc total) | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| MexicoUK-Mexico Trade Continuity Agreement | Continuity | In force | £7,010m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| MoldovaUK-Moldova Strategic Partnership, Trade and Cooperation Agreement | Continuity | In force | £1,568m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| MoroccoUK-Morocco association agreement | Continuity | Provisional | £4,740m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| New ZealandUK-New Zealand Free Trade Agreement | New | In force | £4,019m | Yes | 0.02% to 0.03%DBT, checked 2026-11-06 | None checked |
| North MacedoniaUK-North Macedonia Partnership, Trade and Cooperation agreement | Continuity | Provisional | £1,773m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| Palestinian AuthorityUK-Palestinian Authority political, trade and partnership agreement | Continuity | In force | £38m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| SerbiaUK-Serbia partnership, trade and cooperation agreement | Continuity | In force | £1,247m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| SingaporeUK-Singapore Free Trade Agreement | Continuity | In force | £28,244m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| South KoreaUK-South Korea trade agreement | Continuity | In force | £16,975m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| SwitzerlandUK-Switzerland trade agreement | Continuity | In force | £52,727m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| TunisiaUK-Tunisia association agreement | Continuity | In force | £716m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| TurkeyUK-Turkey trade agreement | Continuity | Provisional | £28,323m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| UkraineUK-Ukraine political, free trade and strategic partnership agreement | Continuity | In force | £2,058m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
| VietnamUK-Vietnam Free Trade Agreement | Continuity | Provisional | £10,473m | Yes | Not verified | None checked |
Source: UK trade agreements in effect (Department for Business and Trade) · series total UK trade, ONS, 2025· vintage list updated 1 September 2026 · fetched 2026-11-06
Estimates on two scales
Projected trade gains and Brexit studies
Each bar is an estimate of the effect on UK GDP, in percent, from the document named beside it. Bars show a range where the source gives one. Only new deals with a checked DBT figure are plotted. The two panels use different scales.
New UK trade deals (DBT projections)
Projected long-run gain to UK GDP against a world with no deal. Positive means higher.
- Australia+0.06% to +0.10% of GDP
DBT impact assessment: central estimate 0.08%, sensitivity range 0.06% to 0.10%, long run.
- India+0.13% of GDP
DBT impact assessment: permanent rise in UK GDP relative to no agreement, by 2040.
- New Zealand+0.02% to +0.03% of GDP
DBT impact assessment: central estimate 0.03%, sensitivity range 0.02% to 0.03%, long run (2035).
Axis for this panel only: percent of UK GDP, from 0.00% to +0.15%. The vertical line is zero.
Brexit studies (GDP)
Estimated effect of the EU referendum or leaving the EU, against each study's own counterfactual. Negative means lower.
- Graham Gudgin, Ken Coutts, Neil Gibson, Jordan Buchanan (2017)−1.50% to −1.00% of GDP
by 2025 (pre-exit projection). Against the study's own counterfactual. Checked against: original paper.
- Patrick Minford (Chair, Economists for Free Trade) (2017)+6.80% of GDP
long run (pre-exit scenario). Against the study's own counterfactual. Checked against: original report (third-party copy).
- Benjamin Born, Gernot Muller, Moritz Schularick, Petr Sedlacek (2019)−2.50% to −1.70% of GDP
by end-2018. Against the study's own counterfactual. Checked against: original paper.
- John Springford (2022)−5.50% of GDP
by Q2 2022. Against the study's own counterfactual. Checked against: original paper.
- Nicholas Bloom, Philip Bunn, Paul Mizen, Pawel Smietanka, Gregory Thwaites, Sasha Abrahams (2025)−8.00% to −6.00% of GDP
by 2025. Against the study's own counterfactual. Checked against: original paper.
- Benjamin Caswell, Peter Dixon (2026)−9.00% to −4.90% of GDP
by end-2025. Against the study's own counterfactual. Checked against: original paper.
Axis for this panel only: percent of UK GDP, from −10% to +8%. The vertical line is zero.
The two panels use different scales and show different kinds of estimate. The trade figures are forward-looking trade models: they project the long-run effect of a deal against a world without it, under the assumptions the document sets out. The Brexit figures are measured or modelled effects of the past, each against its own counterfactual. In numbers: the trade-deal estimates run from +0.02% to +0.13% of GDP; the Brexit estimates run from −9.00% to +6.80% of GDP. The estimates answer different questions and should not be added together or read as the same thing.
1 GDP study without a numeric value is not plotted. No verified official figure yet for: CPTPP members (UK accession). Those documents have not been checked against the numbers on this page.
Brexit study details, critiques and vintages are on the Research page.
Source: Department for Business and Trade impact assessments (UK-India, UK-Australia, UK-New Zealand)· vintage as published by DBT; checked 6 November 2026
UK-EU arrangements
Timeline
Dated steps in the UK's arrangements with the EU since the 2016 referendum. Later steps will be added as they come into force.
Trade and Cooperation Agreement applies. The UK leaves the EU single market and customs union. Source
Windsor Framework agreed in principle by Rishi Sunak and Ursula von der Leyen, to replace the Northern Ireland Protocol arrangements. Implementation was phased: some parts later in 2023, the rest in 2024. Source
Withdrawal Agreement Joint Committee adopts Decision No 1/2023, giving the Windsor Framework legal force, with joint declarations. Source
EU and UK make declarations under Article 23(4) of Decision No 1/2023, confirming the legal conditions were met for its first provisions to become applicable. Exact application date not confirmed from this source. Source
UK-EU summit in London. Leaders agree a joint statement, a Security and Defence Partnership and a Common Understanding. The Common Understanding commits both sides to work towards an SPS (food and agriculture) agreement with dynamic alignment, linking emissions trading systems, a youth experience scheme and reciprocal fishing access to 30 June 2038. Source
If the UK rejoined
What would change in the EU column
Rejoining the EU would replace the UK-only agreements above with the EU's agreements, which the EU negotiated for its members. The "EU has an equivalent" column shows where the EU already has an agreement with the same partner. Where the two differ, the terms that apply to UK trade would change. Rejoining would not restore the terms the UK had in 2016: the euro, the rebate and the UK's opt-outs were specific to membership, and new members negotiate their own.